Introduction to in vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solution.

 

Experiment 

Object: 

Introduction to in vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solution.

References:

1) Kulkarni SK; Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Third edition 1999; Reprint 2005; Vallabh Prakashan Delhi; page no-2.

                   

2) K.D.Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Sixth edition 2008, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi; page no-3.

Requirements:

 Nil.

Theory / Principle:

Physiological Salt Solution 

A 0.9 per cent solution of sodium chloride and water; it is isotonic, i.e., of the sameosmotic pressure as blood serum. It is sometimes given intravenously to replace lost sodiumand chloride. Excessive quantities may cause edema, elevated blood sodium levels, and loss of potassium from the tissue fluid.   

                   Values are in mM (g/l)[InBrackets]

Tyrode solution-

Tyrode's solution is a solution that is roughly isotonic with interstitial fluid and used in physiological experiments and tissue culture. It resembles lactated Ringer's solution, but contains  magnesium, a sugar (usually glucose) as an energy source and uses bicarbonate and phosphate as a buffer instead of lactate. Some variations also include phosphate and sulfate ions. It must be gassed with 95% [[oxygen] and N2] 5% carbon dioxide when used for cell culture applications and physiology experiments in order to achieve an appropriate pH. With the addition of extra potassium salt, it can be used to prepare acardioplegic solution.

Ringer solution-

 Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, with the last used to balance the pH. Other additions can include chemical fuel sources for cells, including ATP and dextrose, as well as antibiotics and antifungals.

Procedure/Method Given:

All the ingredients are added to obtain different physiological salt solution (CaCl2 being added finally to avoid turbidity). Glassware are washed with water and dried properly. Components of different salt solution are weighed accurately and added in a beaker according to increasing order of their weight. Distilled water is then added.

Precautions: Add CaCl2 at last to avoid turbidity

Result / Inference: 

****Self written.***

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Introduction to in vitro pharmacology 

What is Physiological salt solution.

Different types of physiological salt solution.

Which Physiological salt solution used in Pharmacy?